FAUNA AND FLORA OF HAILEYBURY. 1)02 FAUNA AND FLORA OF HAILEYBURY. SECOND ISSUE. ♦.IK'^A^T .NfcW *i(JV>C iOTA (lAV.- ISSUED BY TUP. 1baile?burv lllatural Science Societv^ JUNE, 1902. "JFelii qui potuit rerum cognosccrc causas.' hp:rtford : PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS. M2x T^ R T-^ F A r T^^ WK^A^t The report of the N.S.S. published in 1873 included lists of mammals, birds, reptiles, batrachians, beetles, butterflies and moths, molluscs, and the flowering plants of the neighbourhood. In the report of 1877 similar lists were published. In 1888 the " Fauna and Flora of Haileybury, Part I," was brought out interleaved and bound in limp cloth. Part II was to have contained lists of beetles and microscopic pond animals, but never appeared. The present edition is got up like the former one. A considerable number of new species have been added to our lists, and a far larger number have been more firmly established. Unfortunately this is not true of the molluscs, as there has been little work done at conchology for some years past. Some new ground is broken, for there is a long list of Rotifers and a very short list of Infusorians. I now quote some good advice from the former edition : — ** We hope these lists will promote collecting and, still more, observing. For it cannot be too strongly insisted on, that acquisition is valuable only so far as it assists observation. The interleaving is meant to help in the carrying out of this principle. All observations should be carefully recorded at the time with the date and locality, and, if of sufficient importance, notified to the heads of sections or to the President. The Society's collections should be used in connection with the lists." I add a word to our entomologists, the most energetic ^J^ of our outdoor naturalists. At present the whole number CT^ concentrate their energies on the Lepidoptera, and it would : be much better if some of them extended the range of their 0"> activities to dragon-flies, say, and bees and wasps. Q:^ Thanks are due to Mr. Vaughan and N. R. D. Tennant for 3 their services in making out this edition. ^ F. \V. 11. CONTENTS. Mammals PAGE 7 Birds 8 Reptiles and Batrachians i6 Butterflies and Moths 17 Molluscs 28 Pond Life 30 Flowering Plants 3+ Index to Botanical Orders 61 FAUNA. MAMMALIA. We have stuffed specimens of those marked f. Mammals have been neglected probably because they were so few in number. Cheiroptera. Pipistrellus pipistrellus fPlecotus auritus Pipistullus noctula tPutorius nivalis t ., erniineus Meles meles Vulpes vulpes fLutra lutra Common Bat or Pitistrelle Long-eared Bat Noctule or Great Bat Only these observed. There may be more. Carnivora. Weasel Stoat or Ermine Badger Fox Otter One seen by New River between Am well and Ware, 1891. One killed at Bayfordbury, 1889 ; two at Hoddesdon, 1898. LNSECTIVORA. +Talpa europaea fSorex araneus Neomys fodiens fErinaceus europaeus Hedgehog Mole S/irew-?nouse IVater-shrew Twenty Acre Field. RODENTIA. Lepus europoeus Hare ,, cuniculus Rabbit Muscardinus Dormouse avellanarius Mus musculus ,, decumanuj t ,, silvaticus ,, mmutus fMicrotus agrestis t ,, amphibius t-Sciurus vulgaris Common Mouse Common Rat Long-tailed Field- mouse or Wood- mouse Harvest-mouse Short-tailed Field- mouse or Vole Water-rat or Vole Squirrel Tlue Heath. he Ilcalh, AVES. Since 1888 the bird population has, probably, maintained its numbers, the song birds being still in great force : the ' keeps ' help them to defy the rapacity of collectors. The regrettable diminution in some few species is chronicled in the notes. The present list is fortified by a good many new observations. If the whole county were included within our radius it would be much longer, Tring Reservoir, for instance, having a large avifauna of its own to boast of. Haileybury is a good place for the observation of Spring migrants, and members are strongly urged to note, record in their diaries, and mention to Mr. Vaughan or the Curator of Birds the first appearance of each. The habits, plumage, etc., of birds require patient observation. Mere egg-collecting is not of much value. The Society's collection contains mounted specimens of those marked f. un- mounted of those marked %, and the eggs of all the birds in the list with two or three exceptions. It is hoped that members, former members, and other Old Boys will do what they can to enlarge the collection of stuffed birds. Most of the notes have been contributed by Mr. Vaughan, some by E. J. Noble, O.H., some by myself. They may be known by the V., N. , or H. following them. Other names are given in full. ACCIPITRES. Falco milvus (?) Kite tinnunculus Kestrel peregrmus subbuteo Sparrowhawk Peregrine Falco?i Hobby Buteo vulgaris (?) Common Buzzard Said to have been seen over Gallows Hill, 1872. Common in Autumn (V.). Nest at end of R. Road, 1901 (R.E.Weber). Common. Would breed if allowed to. Two shot at Bennington, 1891 (N. ). One shot at Hertford, 1891 (N.). In 1874 or 1875 a pair nested in wood at end of avenue (H. A. Macpherson), Woods near Broxbourne, 1889 (?). fStrix flammea fAsio otus ,, accipitrmus fSyrmium aluco Athene noctua Order Striges. Fam. Strigidae. Barn Owl Lo7io-eared Owl Short-eared Ozol Tawny or Brozvn Owl Little Owl Nest in Balls Park, 1875 (G. B. Batten). Woods near Broxbourne, 1889 (Mr. Beck). One shot at Woodhall, 1891 (N.). Nest at end of R. Road, 1899 (R. E. Weber). Fairly common at Wormleybury, 1889 (Mr. H. North Bushby). A pair bred near Hunsdonbury, 1898 (Mr. J. H. Buxton). Probably intro- duced. Older Passuirks. lam. Laniioak. fLanius excubitor Great Grey Shrike collurio pomeranus fOriolus galbula fMuscicapa grisola ,, atricapilla Red-backed Shrike Wood chat Golden Oriole Occasionally reported to have been seen(H.). Used to nest yearly some time ago in several localities ; a few pair still breed in the neighbourhood. Said to have been seen behind Sana- torium, Summer, 1873 (H.). Nest in wood by Twenty Acre Field, 1876 (G. B. Batten). Two seen near Woodhall, 1891 (N.). Fam. MusciCAPiDAE. Spotted Flycatcher Pied Flycatcher Very common (V.). In Mr. Turner's Nurseries, Ware Road, May, 1892; only stayed for two days (V. ). Fam. TURDIDAE. Sub-fam. Turdinae. fTurdus viscivorus Missel Thrush t ,, musicus Song Thrush t ,, iliacus Redwing t ,, pilaris Fieldfare , , merula Blackbird Saxicola oenanthe Wheatear f Pratincola rubetra Winchat Common. Common. Common. Generally appears first vember (V.). week of Xo- rubicola Stonechat X Ruticilla phoenicurus Redstart iJlErithacus rubicuta Redbreast Robin Daulias luscinia Nishtinmlc Rare migrant. Generally seen early in Spring (V.). Commoner than preceding. A few pairs breed (V. ). Lea near Amwell (H.). Commoner than preceding. Lea near Rye House ; field up R. Road (V.). Common. Common. Common. Sub-fam. Silviinae. fSilvia cinerea Common ll'hitethroat Very common. Most of the warblers are common on the Heath, and the Willow Wren may sometimes be seen in the Quad picking the aphides off the leaves of the creepers (V.). ,, curruca Lesser Whitethroat Rarer than preceding, but still common (V.). f Silvia atricapilla t , , hortensis j-Regulus cristatus fPhylloscopus trochilus , , rufus t ,, sibilatrix Blackcap Garden Warbler Golden-crested Wren Willow Wren Chiffchaff Wood Wren Acrocephalus streperus Reed Warbler ,, phragmitis Sedge Warbler Locustella naevia Grasshopper Warbler Common. Common. Fairly common. The two commonest warblers about here, and the earliest to arrive. I have seen and heard the Chiffchaff as early as March 19th (V. ). Rare. A few pairs on Broxbourne Common, but seldom seen or heard oruthe Heath (V.). The birds were seen near here, and the eggs taken properly identified, May, 1901 (V.). Common in places, e.g. Mississippi, and also in a shrubbery on Amwell- hill(V.). An uncertain visitor. I have seen and heard it in the grass fields on the other side of the Terrace Field. Rare the last few years { V. ). Sub-fam. Accentorinae. fAccentor modularis Hedge-sparrow Fam. Panuridae. fAcredula caudata Long-tailed Titmouse Common. fParus major , , palustris t ,, coeruleus f ,, ater jSitta caesia Great Tittnouse The Great Titmouse, Blue, and Cole Marsh Titmouse Tit are common in the immediate Blue Titmouse vicinity of the College, and the Blue Cole Titmouse Tit often breeds in Hailey House yard (V.). Marsh Tit is fairly common (H. ). Fam. SiTTiDAE. Nuthatch Fairly common. Breeds every year in School grounds (V.). Fam. Troglodytidae fTroglodytes parvulus Wren Fam. Motacillidae. f Motacilla lugubris Pied Wagtail ,, melanope Grey Wagtail Common ; often to be seen in the Quad ( v.). Occasionally seen in the river valleys, e.g. Bean and Ash (V.). jMotacilla rayi fAnthus pratensii ,, trivialis fHirundo rustica fCalydon urbica fCotile riparia Yellmv Wa^rtail Mcadim' Pipit Tree Pipit Rare ; once seen in the stream at the back of Hoddesdon (V.). By Lea, 1890 (H.). Not on Heath, woods (H.). [901, but common in Fam. HiKUNDlNIDAK. Swallow Martin Sand Alartin Common. Common. Common. Fam. Arthiuae. fCerthia familiaris Tree Creeper Sometimes to be seen climbing up the trees in Hailey House yard (V.). Fam. Fringillidae. Sub-fam. Fringillinae. fCarduelis elegans Goldfinch fChrysomitris spinus Siskin fLigurinus chlorus Greenfinch fCoccothraustes Hawfinch vulsraris V^ery f Passer domesticus f ,, montanus fFringilla coelebs t ,, montifringilla fLInota cannabina t ,, linaria(?) ,. rufescens{?) fl'yrrhula europaea Ho use-spa rrow Tree-sparrow Chaffinch B rambling Litinet Mealy Redpoll Lesser Redpoll Bullfinch Bred in avenue, 18 now (V.). One shot and others seen by Mr. W. Campbell, 1890. Very common. Fairly common. Often in Mr. Fenning's garden and on Heath. Once saw thirteen together in March in Cow Heath, 1888. Holds its own well (V. ), Common. Common. Uncertain visitor (V.). Common (V.). Almost certainly to be found, though not observed (H.). Keeping up its numbers. Often to Ik; seen near the College and on the Heath (V.). Sub-fam. Emberizinae. Fmberizina miliaria Corn Buntini t ,, citrinella ,, circlus (?) t ,. schoeniclui YelloTu Aninier Cirl Bunting Reed Bunting Not very common (V.). Near Bengeo Lock (H.). Conimon. Hertford Heath, 1875. Common along L«m. Fam. LoxiiDAE. fLoxia curvirostra Crossbill Very rare. One shot by Mr. W Campbell about 1890. Fam. Sturnidae. IjiSturnus vulgaris Starling Very common. Sometimes roost in large numbers in the woods near the College in the late Autumn and Winter, and just before they do so the elms in the Pavilion Field are almost black with them (V. ). Fam. CORVIDAE. fGarrulus glandarius Jc7y fPica rustica Magpie f Corvus monedula Jackdaw t ,, corone Carrion Crow t , , comix Hooded Crow X ,, frugilegus Rook t ,, corax Ravin. Common. More numerous in Autumn (V.). Almost extinct. One was picked up dead near here Dec. 1901 (V. ). Nest and birds seen just beyond Stort, 1895 (H.). Common, but does not breed very near (V. ). Very rare. May sometimes be seen in Autumn and Winter as you walk down the Broxbourne Road ( V. ). Common, I saw and heard one flying over along the Ware Road, 1888 (V.). Fam. Alaudidae. f Alauda arvensis ,, arborea Sky La)-k Wood Lark Common (V.). Much rarer (V. ). Order PiCARlAE. Fam. CypselidaE. fCypselus apus Sioift Often seen flying over (V.). Breeds at St. Margarets (H.). Fam. Caprimulgidae. fCaprimulgus Nightjar europaeus Fairly common in neighbouring woods, but has not been seen on the Heath for years (V. ). In Wood Field wood, 1901 (H.). Fam. PiciDAK. Sub-fani. Picinaf.. :;:Dendrocopus major Great Spotted Wood- One or two pairs about. One killed pecker on the Heath Dec. 1901 (V.). ,, minor Lesser Woodpecker Ditto. :J:Gccinus viridis Green Woodpecker Fairly common. May sometimes be seen and heard in College grounds and Hailey House garden (V.). Sub-fam. Iy.nginae. flyn.x torquilla f Alcedo ispida Wryneck Common. Often heard in Cricket Field. Fam. Alcedinmnae. Kingfisher Not very common. Can occasionally be seen by the little stream which crosses the Roman Road(V. ). By the Lea, 1901, and at Wormley- bury (H.). fCuculus canorus Cuckoo Order Herodiones Fam. CucuLiDAE. Common, f Ardea cinerea Heron Botaurus stellaris (?) Common Bittern Ardetta minuta Little Bittern fXumenius arcuata Curlcxv Fam. Plataleidak Fam, Ar DEI DAE. To be seen in Lea valley (V.). One reported to have been shot, 1889 (H.). One shot the other side of Bro.vbourne Station, 1888 (V,). Seldom seen. Plegadisfalcinellus(?) Glossy Ibis One said to have been shot in Balls Park, Anas boschus Order .Anseres, Wild Duck ijQuerquedula crecca Teal Fam, An ATI DAE. Occasionally seen. Flock of about fifty flying over Cricket Field in Dec, 1899. Pair nesting, 1901 (H.). Very rare. Sometimes occurs in marshes the other side of Bro.\- bourne Station (V.). f Mareca penelope IVigeon f Clangula glaucion Golden-eye Fuligina ferina Pochard One shot at Woodhall, 1891 (N.). Two shot, 1891 (N.). Several shot, 1890-1 (N.). Wild geese and swans seen (N. ). Order Columbae. Fam. Columbidae f Columba palumbus Ri'ig Dove , , oenas Siock Dove Turtur communis Turtle Dove Order Pterocletes. Fam. Pteroclidae Very common. In a good acorn year come in thousands (V. ). Not so common as preceding (V.). Nests at Woodhall (H.). Ditto ( v.). Syrrhaptes paradoxus Pallas s Sand Grouse Two shot near here, May, 1888 (H. Order Gallinae. Fam. Phasianidae. Phasianus colchicus Pheasant Very common (V.). Perdix cinerea Partridge In the immediate neighbourhood Caccabis rufa Red-legged Partridge decreasing in numbers (V. ). jCoturnix communis Quail f Crex pratensis Order Fulicariae. Corn Crake f Rallus aquaticus Water Rail jGallinula chloropus Moorhen fFulica atra Coot Very rare. Probably bred in a field near Hailey House wood in 1901 (V. ). Fam. Rallidae. Not so common as formerly. Many of its old haunts are now covered with houses (V. ). Rare. Common near Woodhall (H.). Common (V.). Saw one behind Tewin Mill, May, 1899 (V. ). At Woodhall (N. ). Order LiMicoLAE. Fam. Charadriadae. f Charadrius pluvialis Golden Plover Nothing like as common as was the case twenty years ago. Nazing Common is a great haunt, and it often comes there as early as the second week in October. Very big flock seen there March 15, 1899 (V.). Often in fields east of Heath village (H.). fVanellus vulgaris Lapwing Phalaropus fulicarius Grey Phalarope Common in Winter, and a few pairs still breed not far from here, and quite a respectable number on Nazing Common. One shot at Woodhall. 1891 (N.). Fam. ScoLOPACiDAE. Scolopax rustica Woodcock fGallinago coclestis Common Snipe gallinula Jack Snipe Totanus hypoleucus Common Sandpiper ,, ochropus Green Sandpiper Much rarer than it was, as is the case everywhere. Very doubtful w hether it now breeds in the district. One seen not far from the College, Dec. 13, 1901 (V.). Much scarcer than formerly. Used to be seen on Goose Green ( V. ). Just beyond Stort, April 2, 1895 (H.). Very rare (V.). Occasionally seen by the Lea (V.). Sometimes seen in the meadows near Hertford ( v.). At Woodhall (X.). Shot near Haileybury, 1891 (H.). Sub-fam. Larinae. Larus canus ,, minutus Common Gull Little Gull Something uncommonly like a Little Gull was seen one day flying over the Quad during a heavy gale one October { V. ). Fam. PODICIPEDIDAE. Podicipes fluviatilis Little Grebe [Dabchick) Common at Woodhall (H. REPTILIA. Order Lacertilia (Lizards). Fam. Lacertina. Genus Zootoca, — Zootoca vivipara. Viviparous Lizard. Nimble Lizard. Common Lizard. Fam. SciNCOiDEA. Genus Anguis.— Anguis fragilis. Slow-worm. Blind-worm. [The apparent disappearance of the viper or adder [Pelias berus), said to have been once common by the Twenty Acre Field, etc. , and of the ringed snake (grass snake, common snake — Matrix torquata), is commonly attributed to the increase of pheasants, who pick up the young. The ringed snake is, however, to be found down in the valley. About 1888 I acquired a fine specimen from a man who caught it near the " Fish and Eels," by Broxbourne. — W. K.] AMPHIBIA. Order Batrachia. Fam. Ranidae. Ge7ius Rana. — Rana temporaria. Common Frog. Fam. BuFONiDAE. Gefius Bufo. — Bufo vulgaris. Common Toad. Bufo calamita. Natter- Jack Toad. (I have been assured by a member of the School that he found one on the Heath a few years ago — say about 1886). Fam. Salamandridae, Genus Triton. — Triton cristatus. Common Warty Newt. Great Water Newt. Genus Lophinus. — Lophinus (or Lissotriton) punctatus. Common Smooth Newt. Small Newt, Eft or Evet. LEPIDOPTERA. Since the last edition about thirty species have been added to the hst, an increase probably due to the growing practice of sugaring. C. ocularis, the ' Figure of Eighty,' accounted a great rarity, has been thus obtained. Another rarity, L. arion, has again been seen and identified, though not caught. Those who have done most to lengthen the lists and put doubtful species on a firmer basis are C. H. Stockley, N. R. D. Tennant, and W. C. Mason. The collection in the Museum has been well arranged, but some of the specimens are in poor condition. Species represented in the collection have f opposite them. Anyone who meets with a butterfly or moth not included in the list is requested to communicate with the head of the entomological section or the President. MACRO-LEPIDOPTER.V DiURNI. fLeucophasia sinapis Wood White One specimen on Heath. fPieris crataegi Black Veined White One specimen. t , , brassicae Large White Passim. t ,, rapae Small White Passim. t ,, napi Green Veined White Passim. fAnthocaris cardamines Orange-tip Passim. +Gonepteryx rhamni Brimstone Sometimes common. fColias edusa Clouded Yellow Roman Road. t ., hyale Pale Clouded Yellow Roman Road. fArgynnis aglaia Dark Green Fritillary Roman Road. t ,, paphia Silver Washed ,, Roman Road. f ,, euphrosyne Pearl Bordered ,, Roman Road ; Green Lane. f Melitaea artemis Greasy Fritillary Three specimens. Not in 1899-1901 fVanessa urticae Small Tortoiseshell Passim. t , , polychloros Large Tortoiseshell Generally. Larvae on Terrace, t ,, C-album Comma Rare. t .. io Peacock Passim. t , , atalanta Red Admiral Passim. t , , cardui Painted Lady Occasionally. Epinephile hyperanthus Ringlet Roman Road. fSatyrus egeria speckled Wood Roman Road. t , , megaera Wall Brown Passim. t ,, semele Grayling Heath. t ,, ianira Meadow Brown Passim fSatyrus tithonus fCoenonympha pamphilus fThecla quercus f , , W-album fPolyommatus phlaeas fLycaena agestis t ,, icarus t ,, corydon f , , argiolus t , , arion f Syrichthus alveolus fThanaos tages f Hesperia sylvanus t ,, linea Hesperia comma Large Heath Small Heath Purple Hairstreak White Letter Hairstreak Small Copper Brown Argus Common Blue Chalk Hill Blue Azure Blue Large Blue Grizzled Skipper Dingy , , Large Essex . , , Pearl Passim. Passim. Roman Road ; Heath. Roman Road. Passim. Skipper Fields. Passim. One specimen. Roman Road ; One specimen. Roman Road. Roman Road. Roman Road. Roman Road. Roman Road, Heath. Three seen in li NOCTURNI. fSmerinthus ocellatus Eyed Haivk f ,, populi t ,, tiliae f Acherontia atropos fSphinx ligustri , , convolvuli fDeilephila galii fChoerocampa porcellus t , , elpenor fMacroglossa stellatarum t , , fuciformis f Sesia cynipiformis t , , apiformis Poplar Hawk Lime Hawk Death! s Head Hawk Privet Hawk Convolvulus Hawk Bedstraw Hawk Occasionally. Larvae. Larva common. At light. Palings. Two specimens. At light. Larvae. Two caught on flowers. Once. Hornet Clearwing (of the Poplar) t , , myopaeformis Red Belted Clearwing f , , tipuliformis Currant Clearwing ,, hemheciformis Lunar Hornet Sphinx Macrogaster arundinis Reed Moth fZeuzera aesculi Wood Leopard Small Elephant HawkOcc?LS\om\\y . Elephant Hawk At light. Hummingbird Hawk In Quadrangle. Broad Bordered Bee Hawk Roman Road, iqoi. Once on Pavilion Field. Roman Road. One specimen. Three specimens in 1897. Uncommon. Roman Road. One specimen. Doubtful. Several each year. fCossus ligniperda Goat Heath. fHepialus hectus Gold Srvi/l Abundant among bracken. t .. lupulinus Common Sxvift Passim. t ,, sylvinus Orange Snuft Common. ,. humuli Ghost Swift Common. Zygaena lonicerae Narrow Bordered 5 spot Burnet Skipper Fields. t ,, filipendulae 6 Spot Burnet Skipper Fields. Ino statices Forester Roman Road. One in 1901, several two years previously. Nola cucullatilla Short Cloaked Passim. Nudaria senex Round Winged Muslin Once. fCalligenia miniata Rosy Footman Roman Road ; Heath. Lithosia mesomella Four Dotted Footman Heath. ,, aureola Scarce Footman St. Margarets ; Roman Road. t M complanula Orange Common at light. „ com pi ana Common , , At light. ,, griseola Dingy , , Heath. fEuchelia jacobeae Cinnabar Roman Road. Scarcer than formerly. fChelonia caia Tiger Common at light. t ,, villica Cream Spot Tiger Occasionally. fArctia fuliginosa Ruby Tiger One bred. t ,, mendica Muslin Common. Roman Road. t ,, lubricipeda Buff Ermine Common at light. f ,, menthastri White Ermine Passim. ,, urticae Water Ermine Lea Marshes. Liparis chrysorrhea Brown Tail Rare. t ,, auriflua Gold Tail Common at light. t ,, salicis White Satin Larva common. f ,, monacha Black Arches Two at light. fOrgyia pudibunda Pale Tussock Common. t ,, gonostigma Scarce Vapourer Formerly on Heath. Not for six years at least. t ,, antiqua Vapourer Passim. fTrichiura crataegi Pale Oak Eggar Several bred. f Poeciliocampa populi December Moth At light. +Eriogaster lanestris Small Eggar Larva common. fBombyx neustria Lackey Common at light. Larvae passim. t ,, quercus Oak Eggar Common. fOdonestis potatoria Drinker Common at light. fLasiocampa qucrcifolia Lappet Common. fSaturnia carpini Emperor A few specimens. Every three years. Geometrae. fUrapteryx sambucata SwalloiO'tail Passim. fEpione apiciaria Bordered Beauty At light. fRumia crataegata Brimstone Passim. fVenilia maculata speckled Yellow Roman Road. f Angerona prunaria Orange Moth Heath. fMetrocampa margaritata Light Emerald Passim. ■f-Eurymene dolobraria Scorched Wing Occasionally at light. Roman Road. fPericallia syringaria . Lilac Beauty At light. Heath. fSelenia illunaria Early Thorn Common at light. ,, lunaria Lunar Thorn At light. t , , illustraria Beautiful Thorn At light. fOdomopera bidentata Scalloped Hazel Common. ■f-Crocallis elinguaria Scalloped Oak Common at light. Ennomos tiliaria Canary Shouldered Thorji At light. , , fuscantaria Dusky Thorn One at Hght. , , erosaria September Thorn Not common. , , angularia August Thorn At light. Himera pennaria Feathered Tho7'n Common at light. f Phigalia pilosaria Pale Brindled Beauty At light. fBiston hirtaria Brindled Beauty At light. fAmphydasis prodromaria Oak Beauty At light. Scarce. j- ,, betularia Peppered Common. fHemerophila abruptaria Waved Umber Common. fCleora lichenaria Lichen Not common. fBoarmia repandata Mottled Beauty Passim. f ,, rhomboidaria Willow Beauty Passim. , , roboraria Great Oak Beauty Four at light ; two Roman Road. fTephrosia extersaria Brindled White Spoi f Roman Road, Pseudoterpna cytisaria Grass F.merald Formerly on Heath. fGeometra papilionaria Large' Emerald Occasionally at light. flodis vernaria Small Emerald Roman Road. f , , lactearia Least Emerald Passim. Phorodesma Blotched Emerald On Heath ; Roman Road. Not baiularia common. fHemithea thymiaria L Common Emerald Common at light. f Kphyra porata False Mocha. On Heath. t ., punctaria Maiden's Blush Common. t ,, omicronaria Mocha Heath. fAsthena luteata Small Yellow Wave At light. t ,. candidata Small White Wave Passim. Acidalia bisetata Small Fan-foot Wave Common on Heath. ,, scutulata Single Dotted Wave Palings. Not common. ,, trigeminata Treble Drown Spot Heath. Rare. + . . osseata Dark Cream Wave Not common. t ,, incanaria Small Dusty Wave Common. f ,, interiectaria At light. ,, straminata Dotted Bordered Wave Not common. ., subsericeata Satin Wave Rare. ,, remutata False Ribbon Wave Common in hedges. f ,, imitaria Small Blood Vein At light. t , , aversata Ribbon Wave Common on palings. t ,, emarginata Small Scallop Roman Road ; Heath. +Timandra amataria Blood Vein Passim. fCabera pusaria White Wave Passim. t ,, exanthemaria Common Wave Passim. fCorycia temerata Clouded Silver Roman Road ; Heath. t ,, taniinata White Pinion Spotted Three specimens. fEpione advenaria Little Thorn Yearly. f Macaria liturata Tawny Barred A ngl ? Once. f Halia wavaria V-Moth Common in gardens. fStrenia clathrata Latticed Heath At light. Roman Road. fPanagra petraria Brown Silver Line Roman Road ; Heath. fNumeria pulveraria Barred Umber A few specimens. fFidonia atomaria Common Heath Heath. Aspilates strigillaria . Grass Wave Formerly on the Heath. fAbraxas grossulariata Magpie Passim. Ligdia adustata Scorched Carpet Not common. fLomaspilis marginata Clouded Border Passim. fHybernia rupricapraria Early Moth Passim. t ,, leucophcaria Spring Usher Heath ; Roman Road. t , , aurantaria Scarce Usher At light. t ,, progemmaria Dotted Border Common at rest. t . , defoliaria Mottled Umber Common at liglit. fAnisopteryx aescularia March Moth .'\t liglit. fCheimatobia brumata Winter Moth Abundant at light. fOporabia dilutata November Moth Passim. f Larentia did3'mata Tzuin Spot Carpet Common at dusk. t ,, multistrigata Mottled Grey One specimen. Palings. , , pectinataria A utumn Green Carpet Roman Road ; Heath. Emmelesia afifinitata Rivulet Hailey Lane. Rare. ,, alchemillata Small Rivulet At light. ,, albulata Grass Rivulet Mississippi Fields. , , decolorata Sandy Carpet Woods beyond Pavilion Field. Eupithecia venosata . Netted Picg Not common. Three at light. t ,, centaureata Lime Specked Pug At light. Palings. , , subfulvata Tawny Speck Palings. t , , castigata Brindled Pug Mississippi Fields. At light. f , , vulgata Common Pug Common on palings. ,, absynthiata Wormwood Pug Larva abundant on ragwort. ,, tenuiata Sletider Pug Occasionally. , , exiguata Barberry Pug Palings. , , rectangulata Green Pug Palings and light. Common. Lobophora hexapterata Seraphim Roman Road. , , viretata YellowBarredBrindle Palings. Thera simulata Brick Carpet Rare. , , variata Grey Caipet Occasionally. fYpsipetes ruberata Ruddy Highflyer Once. ,, impluviata May Highflyer Once. f ,, elutata July Highflyer Common in hedges. Melanthia rubiginata B/uc Bordered Carpel ' Heath ; Roman Road. t , , ocellata Purple Bar At light. Palings. f Melanippe procellati a Chalk Carpet On clematis. , , rivata Wood Carpet Occasionally. t , , subtristata Common Carpet Passim. t , , montanata Silver Ground Carpet Common in hedges. ,, fluctuata Garde7i Carpet Passim. Anticlea rubidata Flame Roman Road. Flowers. f , , badiata Shoulder Stripe Passim. f ,, derivata Streamer Pahngs. Heath. f Coremia propugnata Flame Carpet Often common. t , , ferrugata Red Twin Spot At light. t ,, unidentata Dark Barred Twin Spot Carpet Passim. fCamptogramma bilineata Yellow Shell. Elm Passim. fPhibalapteryx tersata Fern At light. Roman Road. ,, lignata Oblique Carpet Not common. t ,, vitalbata Small Waved Umber Heath ; Roman Road. fScotosia dubitata Common Tissue At light. fCidaria miata Green Carpet Common at light. fCidaria picata Cloaked Carpet Heath. , , corylata Broken Barred Carpet Passim. f ,, russata Mottled Carpet Not common. ,, immanata Da rk Ma rbled Ca rpel ' Passim. ,, silaceata Small Phccnix Mississippi Field ; Heath. 1900. t ,, testata Chrjron Occasionally. ,, nbesiaria Phccnix Goose Green. , , fulvata Barred Yellow Common in hedges. t ., pyraliata Barred Straw Common at light. t ,. dotata Spinach At light. fEubolia cervinaria Mallow At light. t ,, mensuraria Small Mallow Passim. t ,, palumbaria Belle Passim. t ,, bipunctaria Chalk Carpet Gallows Hill. fAnaitis plagiata Treble Bar Palings; Roman Road. fChesias spartiata Streak Heath. Tanagra chaerophyllata Chimney Sweep Heath. Rare. CUSPIDATES. Platypteryx lacertul; a Scalloped Hook-tip Occasionally at light. t ., falcula Pebble Hook-tip Sometimes common. f ,, hamula Oak Hook-tip Yearly. Heath. fCilix spinula Chinese Character Common at light. fDicranura furcula Sallow Kitten Heath. J Once. I Larvae common. t „ bifida Poplar Kitten t ,, vinula Puss Passim. ' fStauropus fagi Lobster Three on Heath, one at light. Petasia cassinea Sprawler At light. At rest. fPygaera bucephala Buff-tip Passim. fPtilodontis palpina Pale Prominent At light. fNotodonta camelina Coxcomb Prominent At light. ,, dictaea Swallow Prominent Three times at light. Larvae found in 1899. t . , ziczac Pebble Prominent Heath. Hailey Lane. , , trepida Great Prominent Twice taken. ,, chaonia LunarMarbledBrown Once on Heath. , , dodonaea Marbled Brown Occasionally. Not for some years till tDiloba 1901. caeruleocephala Figure of Eight Abundant at light. NOCTUAE. t Thyatira derasa Buff Arches .\t light. .Xt sugar. t ,, balls Peach Blossom .At light. .\t sug.ir. fCymatophora diluta t ,, ocularis t .. or ,, ridens fBryophila perla t ,, glandifera Acronycta tridens t . . psi t ,, leporina t , , aceris t , , megacephala t , , rumicis fLeucania conigera t ,, lithargyria t ,, comma ,, straminea t ,, impm-a t , , pallens fXonagria fulva t , , typhae fGortyna flavago fHydraecia nictitans t ,, micacea fAxylia putris tXylophasia rm-ea t ,, lithoxylea t , , polyodon t , , hepatica fDipterygia pinastri fNeuria saponariae fHeliophobus popularis fCharaeas graminis fCerigo cytherea fLuperina testacea Mamestra anceps t , , brassicae t , , persicariae fApamea basilinea f ,, gemina ,, unanimis Lesser Lutestring Figure of Eighty Poplar Ltd est ring Frosted Green Marbled Beauty Mottled Green Dark Dagger Common Dagger Miller Sycamore Poplar Grey Knot Grass Brown Line Bright Eye Ochraceous Brown Should Striped Wainscot Southern Wainscot Smoky Wainscot Common Wainscot Small Wainscot Bull-rush Frosted Orange Golden Ear Rosy Rustic Flame Clouded Bordered Br indie Light A rches Dark Arches Clouded Brindle Bird' s Wing Bordered Gothic Feathered Gothic Antler Moth Straw Undcrwing Lesser Flounced Rustic Doubtful Nutmeg Cabbage Dot Common at sugar. At light. At sugar. Rare, 1901. Common. At sugar. At light, not common. Common at light, and at rest. Occasionally. Larva fairly common. Passim. Rare. Larvae. Getting commoner. At light. Palings. At sugar. Abundant at light. Abundant at light. Common at light. Once at light. At light. At flowers. Common at light. Heath ; Skipper Fields. Occasionally. At light. At light. At hght. At hght. Occasionally at light. At light and sugar. Passim. Common at sugar. Heath. Abundant at sugar. At light. At flowers. At light. Generally. At light. At light. Common at light. Passim. Common at sugar. Rustic Shoulder Ktiot Common at light. Dusky Brocade Occasionally at light. Small Clouded Brindle Once. Apamea fibrosa Crescent Once at light. t ,. oculea Common Rustic Pasbim. tMiana strigilis Marked Minor Common at light. t ,, fasciuncula Middle Barred Minor At sugar >^ t ,. literosa Rosy Minor At sugar /Specimens are t , , f uruncula Cloaked Minor Occasionally at light | often confused. , , arcuosa Least Minor Once at light / fGrammesia trilinea Treble Line Common at light. Caradrina morpheus Bordered Rustic At light. t ,, blanda The Rustic Three specimens at sugar. t ,, alsines Dotted Rustic Abundant at light. t ,, cubicularis Pale Mottled U'illou ' Generally. fRusina tenebrosa Brown Feathered Rustic At light. tAgrotis puta Shuttle-shaped Dart At light. t , , suffusa Dark Sword Grass At sugar. N.B.— All the genera Cyjnatophora— Agrotis are caught most freely at sugar, especially on the Heath. tAgrotis saucia Pearly Underwing At sugar. t ,, segetum Common Dart Passim. t , , exclamationis Heart and Dart Passim. t ,, corticea Heart and Club At light. t ,, nigricans Garden Dart At light. At flowers. t ,, porphyrea True Lover s Knot Heath. t , . ravida Stout Dart Twice at light. fTriphaena ianthina Lesser Broad Bordered Common at light. t ,, orbona Lesser Yellow Underwing Common at light. t ,, interiecta Least Broad Bordered Yellow Underwing One specimen. t ,, fimbria Broad Bordered Yellow Underwing Occasionally at sugar. , , pronuba Yellow Underwing Passim. tXoctua augur Double Dart Common at light. t .. plecta Flame Shoulder At light. ,, C-nigrum Setaceous Hebrc^o Character Common at sugar. t ,, triangulum Double Square Spot Common at light. ,, rhomboidea Square Spotted Clay Occasionally at sugar. t ., brunnea Purple Clay At sugar. ., festiva Engrailed Clay At sugar. ., dahlii Barred Chestnut At sugar, occasionally. .. rubi Small Square Spot .•\t light. t .. baia Dotted Clay A few at light. fNoctua xanthographa Taeniocampa gothica t ,, rubricosa ,, instabilis ,, stabilis ,, gracilis ,, munda , , cruda Orthosia lota t ,, macilenta Anthocelis rufina t , , pistacina , , lunosa t , , litura fCerastis vaccinii ,, spadicea fScopelosoma satellitia fXanthia citrago t , , cerago t ,, silago t ,, gilvago t ,, ferruginea fCirrhoedia xerampelina Tethea subtusa Cosmia trapezina t ,, diffinis t ,, affinis Dianthaecia carpophaga t ,, capsincola ,, conspersa fHecatera dysodea Square Spot Rustic Common at light. Hebre7v Character Red Chestnut Clouded Drab Cofmnon Quaker Lead Coloured Drab Twin Spot Quaker Small Quaker Red Line Quaker Yellow Line Quaker Flounced Chestnut Pale Headed Chestn ut Lunar Underwitig Brown Spot Pinion Chestnut Black Chestnut At light. Occasionally at sallows. At sallows. At light. At sallows, occasionally. At sallows, occasionally. At sallows. At sugar. At sugar. At sugar. Common at light. At light, not common. At sugar. Common at light. At sugar. Satellite At sugar. Orange Sallow Larva on lime-trees. Common Sallow Common at sugar. Pink Barred Sallow At sugar. Dusky Yellow Sallow Twice. Brick Coloured At light. Centre Barred Sallow Once. Olive Larva. Dunbar Common at light. White Pinion Spot Palings. Lesser Pinion Spot A few specimens. Tawny Shears Lychnis Marbled Coronet Ranunculus Occasionally. At light. Larva in Hailey Lane. Once on Balls Park palings. Twice on palings. N.B. — Nearly all the genera Triphaena — Flecatera are generally met with on sugar or sallows. The early Noctuae are insufficiently looked for. fHecatera serena Broad Barred White Palings. fPolia flavicincta Large Ranunculus Once. fEpunda viminalis Minor Shoulder Knot Common at light. fMiselia oxyacanthae Green Brindled Cresce7it At sugar in abundance. fAgriopis aprilina Marveil du Jour Heath. At sugar. tPhlogophora meticulosa Angle Shades Larva common. At sugar. fEuplexia liicipara Small Angle Shades At sugar in abundance. fAplecta nebulosa Grey Arches Common on trees and at sugar. t ,, herbida Green Arches At sugar. t ,, ad vena Pale Shining Brown Twice at flowers. Hadena proteus Brindled Green At light. . t ,, dentina Shears At flowers. Palings. t ,, chenopodii Nutmeg At flowers. f ,, atriplicis WildArrach Twice. , , suasa Dog's Tooth Palings. t , , oleracea Bright Line • At sugar also Brown Eye At light. At flowers. t .. pisi Broom Palings. ,, thalassina Pale Shouldered Brocade Palings. At light. t ., genistae Palings. At light. fXylocampa lithorhiza Early Grey Palings. Abundant. Calocampa exoleta Large Sword Grass At light. fXylina rhizolitha Grey Shoulder Knot At light. fCucullia verbasci Mullein Larva abundant at Gallows Hill. ,, chamomillae Ch a mo m He Sha rk Palings. Common. ,, umbratica Shark Palings. At flowers. fAnarta myrtilli Beautiful Yellow Underwing Two specimens. Roman Road. f Heliodes arbuti Small Yellow Underwing Heath. By the Lea. Erastria fuscula Marbled White Spot Roman Road (once). +Brephos parthenias Orange Underwing Occasionally. Abrostola urticae Spectacle At flowers. At light. ,, triplasia Dark Spectacle At flowers. fPlusia chrysitis Burnished Brass At light. At flowers. t >. iota Golden Y At light. At flowers. t ,, V-aureum At light. t ,, gain ma Silver Y Passim. fGonoptera libatrix Herald Not so common as formerly. fAmphipyra pyramidea Copper Underwing Larva common. Moth at sugar. t ,, tragopogonis Mouse At sugar. fMania typica Dark Gothic Common. At sugar. t , , maura Old Lady Common. At sugar. fCatocala fraxini Cli/den Nonpareil One in quadrangle. t ,, nupta Red Underwing Common at light and sugar and un lives Euclidia mi Mother Shipton Roman Road. t .. glypliica Burnet Noctua Skipper Fields. MOLLUSCA. This list was compiled by F. Podmore in 1875. All those marked * were verified in 1888 by A. G. Stubbs. In 1889 one species was added. There are specimens of those marked f in the Museum, (Named from Jeffreys's " British Conchology.") CONXHIFERA. t*Sphaerium corneum * , , rivicola * , , lacustre *Pisidium amnicum * ,, nitidum t*Unio pictorum t*Anodonta cygnea * , , anatina River Lea. River Lea, Am well. Amwell, Amwell, River Lea, River Lea. River Lea. Gasteropoda — Pectinibranchiata. t*Neritina fluviatilis t*Paludina vivipara t*Bythinia tentaculata t ,, leachii t*Valvata piscinalis , , cristata The Lea. River Lea. River Lea. Amwell. Amwell. St. Margarets. Gasteropoda— PuLMONOBRANCHi ATA. f Planorbis nautileus t* ,, albus t* ,, glaber t* .. spirorbis + * vortex +* carinatus 1 K complanatus t* 1. corneus t* .- contortus t^Phy: sa hypnorum (?) fontinalis t*Limnaea peregra "t II auricularia +* I. stagnalis ,, var. +* palustris t* ,1 truncatula fragilis Near Hertford. St. Margarets. St. Margarets. Amwell. Amwell, Amwell. Amwell. Amwell. Amwell, St. Margarets. St. Margarets. Passim. Amwell. Passim. Pond by Hailey Lane. Passim. The Lea. t*Ancylus fluvi.itilis t ,, lacustris f Arion ater ,, hortensis *Limax marginatus , , flavus ,, agrestis * ,, maximus t*Succinea putris * ,, elegans t*'V^itrina pellucida t*Zonites cellarius t* ,, alliarius t* ,, nitidulus t* ,, crystallinus t , , fulvus f *Helix aculeata t* ,, pomatia t* ,, aspersa t* ,, nemoralis t* ,, hortensis t* ,, arbustoruin var. alpestris t* ,, cantiana t* ,, rufescens t* ,, hispida var. concinna t , , fusca t* , , caperata ,, virgata t* ,, ericetorum t* ,, rotundata t . . pygmoea ,, pulchella t* ,, lapicida t*Bulimus obscurus t*Pupa umbilicata t*Vertigo pygmaea t*Clausilia rolphii f ,, rugosa *Cochlicopa lubrica t Achatina acicula t Carychium minimum t*Cyclostoma elegans St. Margarets. Hoddesdon Fields. Passim. Passim. Gallows Hill. Passim. Passim. Passim. Passim. St. Margarets. Gallows Hill. Passim. Gallows Hill. Passim. Passim. Hoddesdon Fields. Hoddesdon Fields. Gallows Hill. Passim. Passim. Several varieties. Passim. Varieties passim. St. Margarets. Banks of River Lea. Passim. Passim. Passim. Gallows Hill. Gallows Hill. Passim. Towards Hertford, 1889. Gallows Hill. Passim. Hoddesdon Fields. Passim. Gallows Hill. Passim. Passim. Rye House. Gallows Hill. Passim. Passim. St. Margarets. Passim. Gallows Hill. POND LIFE. I have searched some of the nearest ponds for Crustaceans, Rotifers, Infusorians, etc., at short intervals throughout 1901, except when the hohdays intervened. Dixon's Wharf has proved on the whole the best. The Twenty Acre pond ran it close till the Summer drought reduced it to a dirty puddle. As to fish, the Twenty Acre pond was rich in carp ; Dixon's Wharf abounds in sticklebacks, but has (possibly in consequence) no water fleas and no hydras. Very few species of Crustaceans have been found in any of the ponds, only Daphtiia pulex, Cyclops quadricomis (two varieties), Cypris (two species), Chydorus sphaericns, and Canthocamptus minutus. Though it is certain that there has been a great falling off in Rotifers, there are still many species to be found. Some fifty I have identified. There are also a good many species of Infusorians, but with these I have not made much progress. Among the larger inhabitants of the ponds are several species of Hydrachnae, which prey upon the small Crustaceans. At the base in the scale of life are diatoms in great number and unicellular algae. Rotifers that have been found by members of the Quekett Club, whose in- vestigations extend over a number of years, but not by myself, are distinguished by a Q. O. L. V. Simpkinson did a good deal of work on microscopic pond animals, but, generally speaking, they are neglected by members of the N.S.S. I hope that in future they will receive more attention. F. W. H. ROTIFERA. Actinurus neptunius Q. Adineta vaga Q. Anapus ovalis Q. Anuraea brevispina , , cochlearis Dixon's Wharf. , , serulata Q. ,, tecta Q. , , aculeata , , valga Q. , , curvicornis , , hypelasma Asplanchna brightwellii Q. Brachionus angularis Jack Howe's pc , , rubens Twenty Acre pc , , bakeri , , urceolaris , , pala Q. Cathypna luna Cephalosiphon limnias Q. Chromogaster testiulo Coelopus brachyurus ,, cavia ,, caudatus ,, porcellus Colurus bicuspidatus ,, deflexus Conochilus volvox Copeus Cerberus ,, pachyurus Diaschiza valga ,, semiaperta Diglena biraphis ,, catellina ,, forcipata Dinocharis tetractis ,, pocillum Eosphora aurita Euchlanis lyra ,, triquetra ,, deflexa , , subversa Furcularia longiseta ,, lophoessa ,, cornuta ,, gracilis Hydatina senta Mastigocerca elongata ,, carinata ,, stylata ,, bicornis ,, scipio Melicerta conifera ,, tubicularia ,, ringens Metapodia acuminata ,, oxysternum ,, solidus Monostyla cornuta ,, lunaris ,. bulla Noteus quadricornis Xotholea acuminata Notommata aurita ,, lacinulata , , tuba Q. g. Q. Dixon's Wharf. Q. Q. Q- Q. Q. Q. Twenty Acre pond. Q. Green Frog pond. Q. Dixon's Wharf. Q. Twenty Acre pond. Q. Q. Dixon's Wharf. Q. Q. Q. Twenty Acre pond. Q. Dixon's Wharf. Dixon's Wharf. Q. Q. Q. Q. Dixon's Wharf. Twenty Acre and R. Road pond. Q. Dixon's Wharf. Q. Notops brachionus Q. , , clavulatus Rare. Twenty Acre and Dixon's Wharf. , , hyptopus Q. Oecistes crystallinus Q. Pedalion minim Common in Twenty Acre pond, rare in Dixon's Wharf. Philodina citrina ,, roseola Dixon's Wharf. Polyarthra platyptera Pompholyx complanata The Master's pond. Proales sordida Pterodina patina Twenty Acre and Green Frog ponds. Rotifer macrurus , , vulgaris , , macroceros Q. , , tardus Q. Sacculus viridis Salpina marina Q. ,, mucronata ,, brevispina , , eustala Dixon's Wharf. , , sulcata Q. Scaridium longicaudum Dixon's Wharf. Stephanops lamellaris Dixon's Wharf. ,, muticus Q. Synchaeta pectinata ,, tremula Taphrocampa saundersiae Q. Triarthra breviseta Q. ,, longiseta Triphylus lacustris INFUSORIANS. Anthophysa vegetans Q. Aspidisca lynceus Q. Bursaria truncatella Coleps hirtus Q. ,, amphacanthus Q. Dinobryon sertularia Q. Euplotes patella Q. Gymnodium fuscum Q. Loxophyllum meleagris Q. Paranoecium aurelia , , bursaria Peridinium tabulatum Phacus longicaudus Q, Rhipidodendrum splendidum Q. Spirostomum anibiguum Q, Stentor niger Q. ,, polymorphus Stichotricha remex Q. Synura uvella Trachelius ovum Q. Trachelocerca olor Q. Vaginicola crystallina Q. Vorticella chlorostigma ,, nebulifera FLORA. PHANEROGAMIC PLANTS. I hope this hst is nearly complete. A number of observations have been made since 1888 by members of the N.S.S. (notably by L. A. W. Burder) and myself, and Mr. Graveson, of Hertford, has very kindly put his numerous and accurate records at my disposal. In cases where we have no observations I have had recourse to the " Flora of Herts," and given one or more localities specified there. [Fl.H. = Flora of Herts. Where Mr. Graveson is the authority, G. follows the note.] The names adopted are from Bentham's "British Flora," though occasionally what he does not recognise as species or even as varieties are mentioned. In these cases refer to Hooker or Babington. When Bentham's names are not those found in the "Flora of Herts" the latter have nearly always been given in brackets. When nothing to the contrary is stated, the plant may be considered fairly common. Plants of which there are specimens in the Society's collection are marked with a f. Our herbarium has been much enriched by T. S. Lea, O. H. Those put in [ ] are not indigenous. For several years past there has been a shortage of rain, with the result that a good many marsh plants, notably sedges, have disappeared at least for the time. In such places as gravel-pits and brickfields flowers must be expected to come and go. Ware Brickfield does not every year produce all it is here credited with. F. W. H. CLASS I.— DICOTYLEDONS. Ranunculaceae. The Ranunculus Family. Clematis vitalba Traveller s Joy fThalictrum flavum Yellow Thalictrum Amwell and the Stort. fAnemone nemorosa Wood Anemone fMyosurus minimus Mousetail Field near Waterford (G.). fRanunculusaquatilis Water Ranunculus, The species or varieties pass into (Batrachium) Crowfoot one another. Babington makes 13 species, t ,, var. fiuitans Chiefly in running water, var. circinatus Chiefly in deep still water, t ,, var. vulgaris t ,, hederaceus Ivy Ranunculus The Heath. t Ranunculus flammula Spearwort The Heath. t ,, auricomus Goldilocks The Heath, etc. t ,1 sceleratus Celery-leaved Ranunculus Several ponds. t ,, acris Meadow t ., repens Creeping t ,, bulbosus Bulbous t ,, arvensis Corn t . , ficaria Lesser Celandine fCaltha palustris Marsh Marigold Helleborus viridis Green Hellebore ? introduced. Bayfordbury, 1902. ,, foetidus Fetid Hellebore, ? introduced. Hertingfordburv, Park Bear's foot (F1.H.). [Delphinium ajacis] [Larkspur'] [Fields by lower road]. Nymphaeaceae. The Waterlily Family. tNuphar lutea Yellow Waterlily The Lea. fNymphaea alba White Waterlily Rare. Probably planted. Papaveraceae. The Poppy Family. fPapaver rhoeas Field Poppy ,, dubium Long-headed Poppy Not common. var. lecoquii , , argemone Pale Poppy [ ,, somniferum] Garden Poppy fChelidonium majus Common Celandine Chalk-pit, Gallows Hill. Near Gallows Hill. Ware Brickfields (G.). FUMARIACEAE. THE FUMITORY FAMILY. fFumaria officinalis Fumitory ,, var. micrantha (densiflora) Corydalis lutea Yellow Corydal Rare. On chalk. Near Easneve (F1.H.). Old walls by Lea at Ware (G.). Cruciferae. The Crucifer Family. fBarbarea vulgaris Yellow Rocket [ ,, praecox] [By New River, Hoddesdon]. fNasturtium officinale Common Watercress ,, amphibium Yellow Cress Near Amwell Church. ,, palustre Marsh Watercress River banks. ., (N. terrestre) ,, silvestre Creeping Watercress New River bank, .^mwell. tCardamine hirsuta Hairy Bittercress t ,, var. silvatica (fle.xuosa) Ware Park fields (G.). |-Cardamine pratcnsis Cuckoo-Jloiver t[Hesperis matronalis] [Dame's Violet] f Arabis thaliana (Sisymbrium th. ) Tkale Rockcress t ,, perfoliata (Turritis glabra) G/a3r^«j Rockcress fSisymbrium officinale Hedge Miistard ,, irio London Rocket ,, Sophia Flixweed fAUiaria officinalis Garlic-Mustard Erysimum cheiranthoides Treacle Mustard , , orientale Hares-ear fBrassica campestris Field Brassica t ,, sinapistrum Charlock (Sinapis arvensis) ,, alba Mustard Brassica (Sinapis alba) ,, nigra Black Mustard (Sinapis n. ) , , muralis Sand Brassica (Diplotaxis m. ) t[Cochlearia armoracia] [Horseradish'] [Alyssum maritimuni] fDraba verna Co77imon Draba (Erophila vulgaris) [Camelina sativa] [Gold of Pleasure] Thlaspi arvense Field Pennycress fCapsella bursa- pastoris Shepherd' s Purse Lepidium campestre Field Cress , , ruderale Narrow-leaved Cress flberis amara Bitter Caiidytuft fSenebiera coronopus Swinecress (Coronopus pro- cumbens) fRaphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish (Raphanistrum innocuum) [The Heath. N.B.— This is not violet]. Road down Gallows Hill. Near Panshanger Park (G.). Rare. Hertford Gasworks (Fl.H.). St. Margarets and Ware Brickfields. Near Bride's Farm. Ware Brickfields (G.). Near chalk-pit, Gallows Hill. Ware Brickfields (G.). ? not indi- genous. Rare. Line at Broxbourne (Fl.H.). [Ware Park, near the mill]. Ware Brickfields. Goose Green. Ware Brickfields (G.). Lines' Fields, etc. Brickendon (G. ). Ware Brickfields. Wotton, 1893. Pavilion Field, etc. Resedaceae. The Mignonette Family. tReseda luteola Dyer's Mignonette Near Hertford, etc. t ,, lutea Cut-leaved Mignonette GsMovis Hill. Cistaceae. The Cistus FA^ULY. tHelianthemun\ vulgare Rockrose Gallows Hill, etc. Violaceae. The Violet Fa.mily. t Viola odorata Sivcet Violet Road to Hertford, etc. t ,, hirta Hairy Violet Occasional. t ., canina Dog Violet i ,, tricolor Pansy Violet Six varieties in Fl.H. Polygalaceae. The Milkwort Family. fPolygala vulgaris Milkwort Caryophyllaceae. The Pink Family. Dianthus armeria Deptford Pink Rare. Near Reformatory, Hertford (G.). ,, deltoides Maiden Pink Rare. Amwell, E. of the Lea (Fl.H. ). fSilene inflata Bladder Silene (S. cucubalus) ,, noctiflora Night Silene By Ware Park Mill (Fl.H.). t Lychnis flos-cuculi Ragged Robin t ,, diurna Red Campion t ,, vespertina White Campion t ,, githago Corn Lychnis (G. segetum). tSagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort Goosq Green, t ,, var. apetala Goose Green. fArenariaserpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Walls at Hertford, etc. Sandwort ,, var.leptoclados Walls at Ware, t ,, trinervis Three-nerved (Moehringia tr.) Sandwort ■f-Moenchia erecta Moenchia The Heath. (M. quaterncUa) fCerastium vulgatuni Mouse-car Chickwccd t ,. var. scmi- decandrum t ,, var.glomeratum t ,. var. viscosum ., arvensc Field Cera >.f .Near Gallows Hill, etc. Stellaria aquatica Water Starwort (Malachium a.) t ,, media Chickweed Starwort t , , holostea Great Starwort t ,, uliginosa Bog Starwort t ,, graminea Lesser Starwort fSpergularia rubra Sand Spurry (Lepigonum r. ) fSpergula arvensis Corn Spurry St. Margarets, etc. fMontia fontana PORTULACEAE. Blinks The Purslane Family. Goose Green. Hypericineae. The Hypericum Family. fHypericum Common St. John s perforatum Wort quadrangulum Square Stalked ,, sub-sp. quadratum humifusum Trailing hirsutum Hairy pulchrum Slender Near Hertford (Fl.H.; The Heath. The Heath. Linaceae. The Flax Family. fLinum catharticum Cathartic Flax [ , , usitatissimum] \Com77ion Flax] fMalva silvestris t , , rotundifoUa t ,, moschata [Tilia europaea] Gravel-pit towards Hoddesdon. Malvaceae. The Mallow Family. Com7no7i Mallow Dwarf Mallow Musk Mallow Pavilion Field, etc. Tiliaceae. The Lime Family. \Li7ne, Linde7i\ [Long naturalised]. Geraniaceae. The Geranium Family. fGeranium pyrenaicum Mountain Geranium Between Ware and Hertford, etc. Near Hertford (?). Not very common. Gallows Hill, near Chadwell Springs. The Heath. , moUe Doves-foot , columbinum Lo7ig-stalked , , , dissectum Cut-leaved , , , robertianum Herb Robert ,, , lucidum Shi7ii?ig ,, , pusillum S77iall-flowered , , fErodium cicutarium Co7nmon Erodium fOxalis acetosella Wood-sorrel ACERACEAK. ThE MAPLE TkIBE. fAcer cam pest re Common Maple t[ ,, pseudoplatanus][5>'raOTor^] Aquifoliaceae. The Hollv Tribe. fllex aquifolium Common Holly Celastraceae. The Cei.astrus Famu.y. fEuonymus Common Spindle Tree europaeus Rhamnaceae. The Buckthorn Family. Rhamnus catharticus Common Buckthorn Gallows Hill, etc. Alder Buckthorn Railway, near Amwell. t , , frangula Papilionaceae The Peaflower Tribe (a tribe of the order Leguminosae). Whin Skipper Field, etc. Furze, Gorse, Greenweed Needle Genista Broom fUlex europaeus fGenista tinctoria t ,, anglica tC>tisus scoparius (Sarothamnus vulgaris) tOnonis arvensis Restharrow t ,, campestris Thorny Restharrow (O. spinosa) fMedicago lupulina Nonsuch [ ,, sativa] Lucern , , falcata Sicklemedich fMelilotus officinalis Common Melilot The Heath. The Heath. Ware Brickfield (G. ,, arvensis Field Melilot Ware Brickfield. ,, alba White Melilot Ware Brickfield (G.). fTrifolium arvense Haresfoot Clover Chadwell. [ ,, incarnatum] Crimson Clover ,, ochroleucum Sulphur Rare. Bayford (G. ). t , , pratense Purple t ,, medium ^'igzag t , , striatum Knotted Near Hertford (?). t , , repens Dutch t ,, fragiferum Strawberry ,, Near Bengeo (G.). ,, hybridum A hike ,, t ,, procumbens Hop The Warren. Hertford (G.). t .. filiforme Slender The Heath. ,, minus Lesser (Tr. dubium) fAnthyllis vulneraria Anthyllis Chalk-pit, Gallows Hill. t Lotus corniculatus Bird' s-foot Trefoil ,, var. major (pilosus) var. tenuis fOrnithopus perpusillus Bird' s-foot Trefoil The Heath. fHippocrepis comosa Coynmon Hippocrepii r Chadwell(G.). fOnobrychis sativa Sainfoin Gallows Hill. fVicia hirsuta (Ervum h.) Hairy Vetch t ,, tetrasperma Slender ,, var. gracilis Mangrove Lane (Fl.H.). t ,, cracca Tufted ,, t ,, sepium Bush ,, t ,, sativa var. Common ,, angustifolia Not common. The Heath (Fl. H. ). ,, bithynica Ware Brickfield (G.). fLathyrus nissolia Grass Pea ,, aphaca Yellow Vetchling Ware Brickfield (G.). , , silvestris Everlasting Pea Near Hertford, etc. Probably not indigenous. t , , pratensis Meadow Pea t , , macrorrhizus Tuberous Pea (Orobus tuberosus) RosACEAE. The Rose Family. fPrunus communis ,, var. spinosa var. institia ,, cerasus ,, var. avium fSpiraea ulmaria fGeum urbanum fRubus idaeus t ,, fruticosus , , caesius fFragaria vesca fPotentilla fragariastrum t ,, reptans t , , tormentilla t , , argentea Blackthorn Sloe Bullace Wild Cherry Meadow Sweet Herb Bennet Raspberry Blackberry Dewberry Strawberry Strawberry-leaved Potentil Cinquefoil, Creeping Potentil Tormeniil Potentil Hoary Potentil ?not indigenous. Rare. Avium is a tree, Cerasus proper a shrub. Broxbourne Common. Babington distinguishes 40 species, but see Bentham. Lower Road and Great Amwell. fPotentilla anserina Silverweed, Goose Pot en til t ,, comarum Marsh Potent il (Comaruin palustre) fAlcbemilla vulgaris iMdy' s Mantle t ,, arvensis Parsley Picrt fPoterium sanguisorba Salad Burnet t Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony fRosa rubiginosa Sweet briar Rose , , canina D5g Pose One pond only. t ,, arvensis fPyrus communis P/eld Pose Pear Near Bayford (G.). Fl.H. recognises lo species of* rose in the county. See Hooker and Babington, who divide this genus into many species and sub-species. Broxbourne Wood (?), The Heath ' pear-trees ' seem all to be crabs. f ,, malus Crab Apple t ,, torminalis Wild Service-tree Woods. The Heath. (Sorbus t.) Crataegus oxyacanthus Hawthorn, Whitethorn Onagraceae, fEpilobium angustifolium \ ,. hirsutum ,, parvitlorum t , , palustre French Willow Great Willowherb Hoary , , Marsh The Oenothera Family. Gravel-pit beyond Hertford. t ,, montanum Broad ,, t ,, tetragonum Square fCircaea lutetiana Enchanter s Nightshade Lythrarieae. Not common. Hertford (?). Between Ware and Towards Hoddesdon. Woods. The Lythrum Family. fLythrum salicaria fPeplis portula Purple Loosestrife Water Purslane The Stort, etc. Goose Green. Cucurbitaceae. The Gourd Family. fBryonia dioica Bryony, White Bryony Crassulaceae. The Crassula Family. fSedum telephium Orpine, Livelong (S. vulgare) ? not indigenous. Hertford. Gravel-pit beyond Wall-peppe} tSedum acre [Sempervivum tectorum] \_Hoiiseleek'] On walls at Hertford, etc. [On cottage roofs]. RiBESIACEAE. ThE RiBES FAMILY. [Ribes grossularia] [Gooseberry] [ ,, nigrum] [Black Curra?tt] Waterford Marsh (G.). [ ,, rubrum] [Red Currant] Waterford Marsh (G. ). Saxifragiaceae. The Saxifrage Family. fSaxifraga granulata Meadow Saxifrage Gallows Hill, etc. t ,, tridactilytes Rue-leaved Saxifrage GxaycWy mea.do^'S. fChrysosplenium oppositifolium Golden Saxifrage Hoddesdon Brook. Halorageae. The Marestail Family. Myriophyllum spicatum Water Milfoil The Lea. ,, verticillatum Whorled Water Milfoil The Lea near Amwell ( Fl. H. ). fHippuris vulgaris Marestail The Lea above Hertford, etc. Umbelliferae. The Umbellate Family. fHydrocotyle vulgaris fSanicula europaea Apium nodiflorum t ,, inundatum Sison amornum Aegopodium podagraria Carum carvi Slum angustifolium Pimpinella saxifraga , , magna Marsh Pennywort Wood Sanicle Procumbent Apium Lesser Apium Hedge Sison Goutweed Caraway Lesser Slum Burnet Saxifrage Greater Burnet Saxifrage Bupleurum rotundifolium Hares-ear Oenanthe phellandrium ,, var. fluviatilis , , fistulosa fAethusa cynapium fSilaus pratensis Angelica silvestris Five-leaved Oenanth Water Dropwort Fool's Parsley Meadow Si la us Wild Angelica The Heath. The Heath. The Heath ; Brickendon Green. ? indigenous. Twenty Acre, 1890. Near Hertford ; near Ware. Near Hertford, etc. Mangrove Lane, etc. (Fl.H.). Hertford, near Gasworks (G.). Upland Ponds. The Lea. Brickendon (G.). tPastinaca saliva Common Parsnip Near Rye House, clc, etc. fHeracleum sphondylium Cow Parsnip fScandix pecten- veneris Venus' Comb Towards Am well, etc. Conopodium denudatum Pignut (Bunium fle.xuosum) fChaerophyllum temulum Rough Cheri'il t ,, silvestre Wild Chervil (Anthriscus s.) t ,, anthriscus Burr Chervil Ware Brickfield, etc. (A. vulgaris) fCaucalis anthriscus Upright Caucalis (Torilis a. ) t ,, infesta Spreading Caucalis (Torilis helvetica) ,, nodosa (Torilis n.) Knotted Caucalis Common on chalk. fDaucus carota Carrot fConium maculatum Hemlock Towards Gallows Hill, 1890. Araliace.-\e. The Aralia Fa.mily. Hedera helix Ivy LORANTHACEAE. MISTLETOE FAMILY. fViscum album Mistletoe S. of Balls Park ; Bayfordbury Park. CORNACEAE. ThE CORNEL FAMILY. fCornus sanguinea Common Cornel or Dogwood Caprifoliaceae. The Honeysuckle Family. fViburnum lantana Wayfaring Tree t , , opulus Guelder Rose fSambucus nigra Common Elder tAdo.\a moschatellina .1/ojrc//^/ Commonacc. toFl.H. Panshanger(G.). fLonicera periclymcnum Common Honeysuckle ,, caprifolium Perfoliate Honeysuckle Mangrove hane {G.). Stellatae. The Stellate Tribe (a tribe of the family Rubiaccae). tOalium verum Ladies' Bedstraio, or Yellow Galium fGalium palustre Marsh Galium , , var. elongatum ,, var. witherin^ii Hoddesdon (Fl.H.). Near Broxbourne Station (Fl.H.). t ,, uliginosum Swamp Brickendon, etc. t , , saxatile Heath The Heath, etc. t , , mollugo Hedge t , , aparine Goosegrass ,, ,, tricorne Corn , , Near Hertford (Fl.H.). t ,, cruciata Crossword , , Rare. Near Chadwell (?). fAsperula odorata Sweet Woodruff High Wood. ,, cynanchica Squinancy-wort Rare. Chalk-pit, Gallows Hill (Fl.H.), fSherardia arvensis Field Madder Cornfields. Valerianeae. The Valerian Family, fValeriana dioica Marsh Valerian t ,, officinalis Common Valerian Allheal ,, var. sambucifolia Near Rye House. fValerianella olitoria Common Corn-salad^ or Lamb 's Lettuce t ,, dentata Narrow-fruited Corn-salad S. of Hertford . t[Centranthus ruber] {Red Valerian'] [Old walls]. Dipsacus silvestris t , , pilosus fScabiosa succisa Dipsaceae. The Teasel Family. Common Teasel Small Teasel Easneye ; Gallows Hill (?). Blue Scabious, Devil 's Bit (Succisa pratensis) t ,, columbaria Small Scabious Gallows Hill, t , , arvensis Field Scabious (Trichera a. ) Compositae. The Composite Family. Sub-order I. — Corymbiferae. (Disk florets tubular, outer ones ligulate or filiform.) fEupatorium cannabinum Hetnp Agrimony Erigeron acris Fleabane [ ,, canadensis] Solidago virga-aurea Golden Rod fBellis perennis Common Daisy fFilago germanica Common Filago ,, var. apiculata t ,, minima Field Filago Brickendon ; the Mimram. Bayford Fields (G. ). Mead Lane gravel-pits (G.). Broxbourne Woods (?). Rare. Rare. Near Rye House (Fl.H. Mangrove Lane, etc. tGnaphalium uliginosum ,, silvaticuin flnula conyza ,, dysenterica (Pulicaria d. ) ,, pulicaria (Pulicaria vulgaris fBidens cernua Marsh Cudweed \ Vood Cudweed Ploughman's Spikenard Flea bane Small Fleabane ) Bur-Marigold, Nodding Bidens Three-cleft Bidens ,, tripartita fChrysanthemum leucanthemuin Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) t ,> segetum Corn Marigold t ,, parthenium Feverfew (Pyrethrum p.) fMatricaria inodora Scentless Camomile ,, chamomilla fAnthemis cotula t , , arvensis ,, nobilis fAchillea ptarmica Wild Camomile Fetid Camomile, Stink Mayweed Com Camomile Common Camomile Sneezewort (Ptarmica vulgaris) t ,, millefolium fTanacetum vulgare Artemisia vulgaris t ,, absinthium fTussilago farfara ,, petasites (Petasites officinalis) fSenecio vulgaris Groundsel Scnecio , , viscosus Viscous Senecio This and Filago germanica are popularly confused and both called Cudweed. Easneye. Bengco. N. of Lea not uncommon. Brickendon Green. Milfoil, Yarrow Tansy Mugwort Wormwood, Absinth Coltsfoot Butterbur aquaticus jacobaea erucifolius silvaticus Water Senecio Ragwort Scnecio Narrow-leaved Senecio Wood Senecio The Heath. The Heath. Common occasionally. Near Hertford. Near Skipper Field, 1890. Rare. Brickendon Green. Field below Twenty Acre, 1890. Not common. The Lea near Bengeo Bridge. Field beyond Ware ; Ware Brickfield (G.). Hertford, Bro\bourne Woods, etc. Mangrove Lane, etc. The Heath. Sub-order II.— -Cynaroideae. (Flowers all tubular.) fArctium lappa Burdock Three varieties in Fl. H. fSerratula tinctoria Sawwort Broxbourne Wood. fCarduus marianus Milk Thistle Amwell, 1901. t ,, nutans Musk Thistle Gallows Hill, etc. , , pycnocephaluj ; Slender Thistle The Heath, 1890. t ,, acanthoides Welted Thistle Near Amwell; road above Gallows Hill (Cirsium crispus) , , lanceolatus Spear , , (Cirsium 1.) t , , palustris Marsh (Cirsium p.] \ t , , arvensis Creeping , , (Cirsium a. ) , , acaulis Dwai'f , , Panshanger Rifle Range. (Cirsium a.) t ,, pratensis Meadow , , The Heath (?). (Cirsium anglicum) t[Onopordon acanthium] [Scotch ,, ] Amwell Gravel-pit, 1893. Not indi- genous even in Scotland. fCarlina vulgaris Carline R. Road and Brickendon Lane (G.). tCentaurea nigra Knapweed, Hard- heads, Black Centaurea t , , scabiosa Greater Centaurea t , , cyanus Corn Centaurea Bluebottle, Cornflower ,, solstitialis Yellow Centaurea NearBramfield(G.). Sub-order III. — Ligulatae. (Flowers all ligulate.) fTragopogon Meadow Salsify, pratensis Yellow Goat' s-beard ,, porrifolius Purple Salsify fHelminthiaechioides Ox-tongue Helminth fPicris hieracioides Hawkweed Picris Leontodon autumnalis Autumnal Hawkbit t ,, hispidus Common Hawkbit t , , hirtus Lesser Hawkbit (Thrincia h.) Near Boxwood Cottages, i88o. Hailey Lane. I Am^-rooted Hypochaere \ Vail Lettuce Near Broxbournc (?). Three varieties in Fl.H. fHypochaoris railicata I^actuca muralis tSonchus arvensis Corn Sowthistle t ., oleraceus Common Sowthistle ,, ,, var. asper Taraxacum dens-leonis Dandelion (T. officinale) fCrepis virens Smooth Crepis ,, taraxacifolia Beaked Crepis fHieracium sabauduni^ac'ty Hawkweed (H. boreale) t , , pilosella Mouse-ear Hawkzveed t ,, umbellatum Umbellate Hawkweed Ksltq fCichorium intybus Chicory, Succory Arnoseris pusilla Dwarf Arnoseris Easneye(Fl.H fLapsana communis Nipplewort Campanulaceae. Campanula Family. tjasione montana Sheeps-bit Rare. Gravel-pit at Hoddesdon (F1.H.). fCampanula glomerata Clustered Campanula Rare. Chalk-pits, etc. ,, trachelium Nettle-leaved Campanula Rare. Near Stapleford (G. ). t ,, rotundifolia Harebell ■\\ ,, hybrida] Field above Chadwell, 1889. (Specularia h. ) Ericaceae. The Heath Family. fErica vulgaris (Calluna v.) Common Heath, Ling The Heath. Commoner than C. virens. The Heath. Broxbournc Wood (Fl.H. Rare. Pkimulaceae. The Pki.mrose Family. fHottonia palustris fPrimula vulgaris t ,, veris t ,, elatior +Lysimachia nummularia f ,, nemorum fAnagallis arvensis IVater Violet, Feather/oil Primrose Cowslip Oxlip Ditches near the Lea. N.B. — The name 'Violet' is mis- leading. Lea Meadows. Moneywort Mississippi Field. IVoodland Loosestrife Woods. Pimpernel, Shepherd' s Weatherglass Lentibulaceae. The Pinguicula Family. Utricularia vulgaris Bladderwort Rare. Pembridge Lane (Fl. H.) ; Hoddesdon Marsh (Fl.H.). Oleaceae. The Olive Family. f Fraxinus excelsior Ash fLigustrum vulgare Privet Apocynaceae. The Periwinkle Family. f Vinca minor t[Vinca major] Lesser Periwinkle Rare. Box Wood (Fl.H.). \Larger Periwinkle'\ Gentianaceae. The Gentian Family. Between Chadwell and Ware Road (?). Orchis Field. Formerly in Pembridge Lane : extinct 1901. Orchis Field, but not for some years. Stanstead (Fl.H.). fGentiana amarella Autunm Gentian fErythraea centaurium Centaury fMenyanthes \.x\io\\'3i\.?iBjickbean, Marsh Trefoil fChlora perfoliata Yellozu-wort (Blackstonia p.) POLEMONIACEAE, ThE PoLEMONIUM FAMILY. [Polemonium \_Greek Valerian, caeruleum] Jacob's Ladder'] [Near the Ash]. Convolvulaceae. The Convolvulus Family. f Convolvulus arvensis Lesser Convolvulus, Bindweed ,, sepium Laj-ger Convolvulus [Cuscuta trifolii] [^Dodder] Balls Wood ; Easneye ; Hoddesdon (Fl.H.). BORAGINEAE. [Borago officinalis] [Borage] fAsperugo procumbens Madwort fSymphytum officinale Comfrey fLycopsis arvensis Small Bugloss fEchium vulgare Viper' s Bugloss [Echinospermum lappula] tLithospermum officinale Cromwell t ,, arvense Corn Cromwell The Borage Family, [Rubbish heaps, etc.]. Near Bengeo Lock ; Lines' Brickfield (G.). Cornfields. Near Ware Park Mill (G. ). Rare. Ware Park ; Easneye (Fl.H.). Cornfields. t.Myosotis palustris Forgct-mc-not t ,, var. caespilosa t ., arvensis Field Forget-me-not (M. intermedia) t ,, collina Early Forget-me-not Tewin Road (G.). t ,, versicolor Changing Forget-me- not The Heath. tCynoglossum officinale Hound's Tongue Hatfield Park. SOLANACEAE. THE SOLANUM FAMILY. [Datura stramonium] [ Thorn-apple] Ware Park Brickfield (Fl. H. ). Hyoscyamus niger Henbane On sand-heap at Haileybury, 1892. Amwell Gravel-pit, 1900. fSolanum dulcamara Bittersweet t , , nigrum Black Solanum Hertford. t[Lycium barbarum] Near Cottage Gardens. Orobanchaceae. The Broomrape Family. tOrobanche major Great Broomrape The Heath. On leguminous plants. (O. rapum) ,, elatior Tall Broomrape Gallows Hill a few years back. On Centaurea. ,, caerulea Blue Broomrape Rare. Hoddesdon Fields. On Milfoil. (Philipaea c. ) ,, minor Lesser Broomrape Golf Links (G.). ScROPHULARi.VEAE (Personatae) The Scrohhularia Family. Verbascum thapsus Great Mullein Gallows Hill, etc. t ,, nigrum Dark Mullein ,, virgatum Twiggy Mullein Ware Park Mill (G. ). fScrophularia nodosa Figwort, Knotted Scrophularia t ,, aquatica Water Scrophularia [Antirrhinum orontium] Lesser Snapdragon Stapleford (G. ). t Digital is purpurea Foxglove I.inaria vulgaris Toadflax, Common Linaria ,, minor Lesser Linaria (L.viscida) t .. spuria Round-leaved Li nariaFwXd E. of Mississippi, near Bridt-'s Farm. t ,. elatine Pointed Linaria Ditto. ,, cymbalaria Ivy Linaria Not common. Ware (Fl. H. ). + I-Vc ronica officinalis Common Veronica Speedwell or t . , chamaedrys Germander ,, t- , , montana Mountain ,, Not uncommon. , scutellata Marsh Goose Green. t .' , beccabunga Brooklime Tfie Lea. t - , anagallis Water t - , serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved t . , arvensis Wall t . , buxbaumii Buxbaum s Probably not in( (V. persica) t . , agrestis Procumbent Three varieties a t . , hederaefolia Ivy II Mi mulus luteus] [ Yellow Mim ulus\ fEuphrasia officinalis Eyebright fRhinanthus crista-galli Common Rattle fPedicularis palustris Red Rattle t ,, silvatica Melampyrum cristatum t ,, pratense fBartsia odontites Lousewort Crested Melampyre Common Melampyre Red Bartsia (Odontites serotina) Labiatae. The Labiate Family jTeucrium scorodonia Wood Gerfnander, Wood Sage fAjuga reptans Creeping Bugle fSalvia verbenaca Wild Sage Rare. Amwell (Fl.H.). The Heath. Rare. Easneye ; Stanstead (Fl.H.). Skullcap Self-heal Henbit Red Dead Nettle fScutellaria galericulata t Prunella vulgaris fLamium amplexicaule t , , purpureum ,, var. dissectum (incisum) t ,. album White Dead Nettle fLamium galeobdolon Yellow Dead Nettle (G. luteum) fGaleopsis tetrahit - Cotnmon Galeopsis, Tetrahit t ,, var. speciosa or versicolor Below Bengeo. 1901. The Stort, etc. Hoddesdon Fields. Amwell Gravel-pit, Opposite the Cowper School, Hertford (Fl.H.). Near Bengeo Lock. Near Roman Road, Galeopsis ladanum Red Galeopsis tStachys betonica Bctony Stachys (Betonica cfficinali; ') t ,, silvatica t , , palustris Marsh Stachys t ,, arvensis Field Stachys fBallota nigra Black Ballota fMarrubium vulgare White Horehound tNepeta cataria Catmint t ,, glechorna Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea) tCalamintha clino- Hedge Calamint, podiuni (Clino- Wild Basil podium vulgare) ,, acinos Field Calamint, Basil Thyme fOriganum vulgare Wild Marjoram fThymus serpyllum Wild Thyme Mentha rotundifolia Round-leaved Mint ,, longifolia Horse t ,, aquatica Water (M. hirsuta) . , sativa Penny-royal , , arvensis Corn ,, pulegium Penny-rnyal tLycopus europaeus Gipsywort Verbenaceae. The Mangrove Lane ; Brickcndon (Fl. II.). River banks near Hertford. Near Orchis Field; Brickendon (Fl. H. ). Rare. Amwell Gravel-pit, 1901. Near Gallows Hill. Chadwell (?). N. of Lea. Lower Road. Rare. Near Broxbourne [i\ Rare. Brickendon (G. ). Ware Brickfield ; near Balls Park. Verbena officinalis Venjcin Vervein Family. Roadsides. Pla.vtagin'eae. The Plantain Family Rare. Gallows Ilil fPlantago coronopus Bucks-horn Plantain t ,, media Hoary ,, t ,. major Greater ,, t ,, lanceolata Ribwort Paronychl\ceae (Sclerantheae). fScleranthus annuus Knawel Chenoi'oimaceae. The GoosEr()t>T Famm.y The PARONYcnrA Famh.v. Field by High Wood. Chenopodium rubrum Red lioose/oot t ,, hox\\xs-\\cx\r'\c\x% Perennial Goose/oot, Good King Henry Mangrove Lane ( 1-1. H. ). Not common. By Hertford Gasworks (Fi.H.). Chenopodium urbicum - , , album ,, ficifolium Upright Goosefoot White Fi^leaved , , ,, polyspernum , , hybridum Atriplex patula , , var. angustifolia ,, var. erecta ,, var. deltoidea Many-seeded ,, Maple-leaved ,, Common Orache Rare. Ware Brickfield (G. ). Three varieties are recognised. Not common. Rye House (Fl.H.) Broxbourne Station (Fl.H.). Near Franksfield Farm (G. ). Ware Brickfield (G.). Rare. Mangrove Lane (?). Hertford Gasworks (?). hastata Hastate-leaved Orache Lea Valley (?) POLYGONACEAE, Rumex hydrolapathum crispus obtusifolius The Polygonum Family, sangumeus Water Dock Curled Dock Broad Dock Red-veined Dock conglomeratus Clustered Dock pulcher acetosa acetosella fPolygonum dumetorum t , , convolvulus Fiddle Dock Sorrel Sheep-sorrel Copse Polygonum Climbing Btickwheat, Black Bindweed bistorta Bistort, Snakeweed Meadows amphibium Amphibious Polygonum lapathifolium Pale Polygonum The Lea. Rare. Hertford (?) ; Hoddesdon (?). Rare. Cornfield nr. Mississippi, 1901. Ditches by the Lea. On rubbish occasionally. A variety called " maculatum " or " laxum " in Fl.H. persicaria hydropiper aviculare fagopyrum] Persicaria Waterpeper [Bzickwheatl Four varieties in Fl. H. Ware Brickfield, 1889. [Aristolochia clematitis] Aristolochl^ceae. The Aristolochia Family. [Old ruins]. Euphorbiaceae. The Spurge Family. Euphorbia platyphyllos Broad Spu7-ge Rare. Mangrove Lane (Fl.H.) ; Bay- ford fields (G.). t Euphorbia heUoscopia Sun Spurge t ,, amygdaloides Wood ,, peplus Peiiy t .. exigua Dwarf ,, ,, esula Leafy tMcrcuriahs perennis Dog's Mercury t, annua Annual Mercury Gravel-pit beyond Hertford. Rare. Ware Park Brickfield (?). Callitrichineae. The Callitriche Family. fCallitriche aquatica Callitriche Ceratophyllum demersum Hornwort Urticaceae. fUrtica urens Small Nettle t ,, dioica Common Nettle fParietaria officinalis Wall Pellitory (P. diffusa) tHumulus lupulus Common Hop Fl. H. recognises four species. The Mimram ; the Lea (Fl.H.). The Nettle Family. Near Ware Bridge (G. ] fUlmus montana ,, campestris Ulmaceae. The Elm Family. Wych Elm Common Elm Amentaceae. Alder Common Birch fAlnus glutinosa tBetula alba (B. verrucosa) tCarpinus betulus Hornbeam Corylus avellana Hazel fFagus silvatica Beech Quercus robur British Oak t ,, var. pedunculata t ,, var. sessiflora Seed not fertile. The Catkin Family. Very common. Parks. fSalix fragilis Crack Willow Many of th by the Lc t ., russelliana Russell t ., alba Common , , t ,, triandra t , , purpurea Purple t ,, viminalis Osier t , , caprea Sallow ,, aurita Round-eared Willow ,, cinerea Ashen Willow t ,, repens Creeping Willow Tin- IK-ath. Populus alba White Poplar, Abele ,, tremula Aspen [ ,, nigra] \_B lack Poplar] [Bengeo, etc.]. t[Juglans regia] [ Walnut'] [Bevan's Avenue]. [Castanea] \_Spanish Chestnut] [Ware Park, etc.]. CoNiFERAE. The Pine Family. [Pinus silvestris] [Scotch Fir, Norway Indigenous in the Scotch Highlands. Pine] t[ Abies excelsa] \Common Spruce] From Norway, t[Larix europaea] [Lai-ch] [Taxus baccata] [F^zf;] Indigenous in hilly parts of England. CLASS II.— MONOCOTYLEDONS. Typhaceae. The Reedmace Family, fTypha latifolia Bulrush, Cat's-tail, Reed Mace fSparganium Branched Sparga- ramosum 7iiuni, Bur-reed ,, simplex Simple Sparga7iiu}7i Between Ware and Hertford (Fl.H.). Aroideae. The Arum Family. fArum maculatum Cuckoo Pint, Lords and Ladies Lemnaceae. The Duckweed Family. fLemna polyrrhiza Greater Duckweed Hoddesdon Alarsh. (Spirodela r. ) ,, trisulca Poy-leaved ,, The Lea and its ditches. ,, minor Lesser ,, gibba Gibbous „ The Heath (Fl.H.). Naiadeae, The Naiad Family. Zannichellia palustris Horned Pondweed Amwell Marsh (Fl. H. ). fPotamogeton natans Broad ,, The Heath, f , , lucens Shifting , , The Lea and the Stort. ,, perfoliatus Perfoliate ,, The Lea. ,. crispus Curly ,, The Lea. t ,, densus Opposite ,, The Lea. ,, pusillus Slender ,, Rivers and ditches. ,, flabellatus The Lea at Ware (Fl.H.). t ,, pectinatus Fennel ,, The Lea (Fl.H.). Alismaceae. The Alisma Family fButomos umbellatus Flowering Rush Lea and Stort. tAlisnvi plantago Water Plantain Rivers and ponds. Triglochin palustre Arrowgrass Chadwell, 1889. Sagittiiria sa.g\\.\.\{o\'\a. Arrowhead Ditches between Ware and Hertford. Hydrocharideae. The Hydrocharis Family. tLElodea canadensis] [^/«^r/Vcz« Weed] [The Heath. First observed in England (Anacharis in 1847]. alsinastrum) Okchidaceae. The Orchid Family. Broad Epipactis Rare. Balls Wood (G.). Bird' s-nest Orchis N.B. — This is an orchid, but not an orchis. The Heath. Twayblade The Heath, etc. Greenwinged Orchis Orchis Field. Spotted fEpipactis latifolia fNeottia nidus-avis fListera ovata fOrchis morio t , , maculata t ,, raascula Early t ,, pyramidalis Pyramidal t ,, conopsea Fragrant (.\nacamptis p.) fHabenaria bifolia Butterfly Orchis or (Platanthera B. Habenaria chlorantha) t ,, viridis Green Habenaria (Coeloglossuin viride) fOphrys apifera Bee Orchis Irideae. On chalk, near Chadwell (Fl.H.). Chadwell (G. ). See note on Neottia. Near Brickendon Green (G. ). R. Road. See note on Neottia The Iris Fa.mily. tiris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Lea Valley. t ,, foetidissima Fetid Iris, Gladden, Lane near High Lea not long ago, and Roast-beef Plant Wornileybury. Amaryllideae. The Amaryllis Family. Narcissus pseudo-narcissus Daffodil Cole Green (Fl.H.). Leucoium aestivum Summer Snoiojlake St, Margarets, 1891. Dioscorideae. The Yam Family. t Tamus communis Black Bryony LiLiACEAE. The Lily Family. fParis quadrifolia Herb Paris Wood below Wood Field. Convallaria majalis Lily of the V\ilky Wood beyond the Heath (Fl.H.). fFritillaria nieleagris Fn'iillary, Snake s Head Ruscus aculeatus Butcher's Broofn Ornithogalum umbellatum Star of Bethlehem fScilla nutans Bluebell, Bluebell Squill t Allium vineale Crow Allium , , ursinum Rainsons Lane near Hoddesdon Marsh (G.). ? not indigenous. Epping Forest. Meadows (G.). Beyond Mississippi Field. Stapleford (G. ). JUNCACEAE. The Rush Family. t J uncus communis Comvion Rush ,, var. con- glomeratus ,, var. effusus f , , glaucus Hard Rush (J. diffusus) t •,, articulatus Jointed Rush (J. silvaticus) var. lampro- carpus t , , bufonius Toad Rush fLuzula pilosa Hairy Woodrush (L. vernalis) ,, silvatica Great Woodrush (L. maxima) t ,, campestris Field Woodrush t , , erecta (L, multiflora) Cyperaceae. The Eriophorum polystachyum Common Cottonsedge (E. angustifolium) fScirpus silvaticus Wood Scirpus t ,, lacustris Lake t ,, setaceus Bristle ,, (Isolepis setacea) ,, fluitans Floating ,, (Eleogiton f.) t ,, palustris Creeping ,, (Eleocharis p.) fCarex pseudocyperusCy/^r^/j-//,^^ Carex t ,, paludosa Marsh ,, (C. acutiformis) ,, var. riparia River-bank ,, The Heath. The Lea, the Stort, the Heath. SeeFl.H. The Heath. Woods. Rare. Broxbourne Wood (Fl.H.). Woods (?). ? a variety of campestris. Sedge Family. Near Rye House, 1889. Broxbourne Wood. The Stort, etc. The Heath ; near Sick House, 1889. Rare. Brickendon Green (Fl.H.). Ditch near Chadwell. Mangrove Lane. The Lea. The Lea. Carex vesicaria Bladder Carex ,, ampuUacea Bottle (C. rostrata) t ,, hirta Hairy ,, ., pendula Pendulous ,, t ,, silvalica IVood ,, strigosa Thinspiked ,, t ,, distans Distant ,, ,, var. binervis t ,. flava Yellow (C. lepidocarpa) t ,, praecox Vernal t ,, pilulifera Pill-headed ,, t ,, glauca Glaucous ,, t , pallescens Pale ,, panicea Carnation ,, acuta Acute (C, gracilis) t ,, caespitosa Tufted (C. vulgaris) t ,, leporina Oval t , stellulata Star-headed ,. (C. echinata) t , axillaris Axillary ,, , boennings- hausiana t , remota Remote t , vulpina Pox t , muricata Prickly ,, t , var. divulsa t , paniculata Panic led t var.teretiuscula + , disiicha , pulicaris Flea Broxbournc Wood (Kl.II.). Near the Heath ; near Penibridge Lane(Fl.H.). Broxbourne Wood. Box Wood, etc., etc. W^oods. Not common. Roman Road. Rare. Only the var. binervis is found. The Heath, 1890. The Heath. 1890. The Lea, a little above Hertford. Box Wood, 1889. The Heath. The Heath, etc. Broxbourne Wood. Box Wood, 1889. Rare. Between Hertford and Ware (Fl.H.). The Heath. 1889. The Heath. Not common. The Heath, 1890. Balls Wood, 1890. Near the Heath (Fl.H.). Seemingly hybrid between C. axillaris and remota. Hertford Road, Brickendon, etc. Field right of Roman Road, etc. Hertford Rd. ; Mangrove Lane ( Fl. H.). Fairly common by roadsides. Mangrove Lane. Near Pembridge Lane. Ditches near Chadwell, 1890. Hoddesdon Marsh (Fl.H.). Gkami.neae. The Grass Family Green Panicum Rare. ] [Rar Panicum viride (Setaria v.) [ ,, glaucum] [Glaucous (Setaria g. ) » [ ,, verticillatum] [Rough ,, ] [Rare], j C. V 1 Near Gasworks, He e]. ^ (F>H.). I havese:i (Setaria v.) [ ,, sanguinale] [Fingered Hertford irched in vain for them there. [Rare. A weed of cultivation] fPanicum crus-galli] [Cockspur Panicum] fAnthoxanthum Sweet Anthoxanth, odoratum Vernal Grass fDigraphis Reed Digraphis arundinacea (Baldingera a.) t[Phalaris cananensisj Phleum pratense ,, boehmeri {Canary P ha tarts'] Thnothy Grass, Cat's-tail Boehmer's Phleum (Ph. phalaroides) fAlopecurus pratensis Meadow Fox-tail t ,, agrestis Slender Fox-tail (A. myosuroides) t , , geniculatus Marsh Fox-tail var. fulvus tC3mosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail Arundo phragmites Coinmon Reed (Phragmites communis) fCalamagrostis epigeios Wood Smallreed ,, lanceolata Purple Smallreed fAgrostis alba (A. palustris) C amnion Agrostis , , vulgaris ,, var. pumila t ,, canina Brown Agrostis t , , spicaventi Silky Agrostis (Apera sp.) Milium effusum Spreading Milium fMolinia caerulea Purple Molinia (M. varia) [Rare. Gasworks, Hertford (?)]. The Lea. [Rubbish heaps]. Gallows Hill (Fl.H.). Common exc. on gravel. Heath ponds and near Rush Green, 1889 and 1890. Rare. Pond near Brickendon. The Lea. Rather rare. Mangrove Lane ; the Heath (Fl.H.). By roadsides (?), 1889. Bentham seems not to distinguish this from Alba. See Fl.H. and Hooker. The Heath. Not common ace. to (F1.H.). Towards Rye House (Fl.H.). Rather rare. The Heath (Fl. H. ). f Holcus mollis Soft Holcus t , , lanatus Commo7i Holcus fArrhenanthum avenaceum Common False-Oat Avena fatua Wild Oat On chalk or clay. ,, pratensis Perennial Oat Near Gallows Hil t ,, var. pubescens t , , flavescens Yellow Oat Lower Road, 189 tAira caryophyllea Hair Grass, Silvery (Avena c. ) Aira , , praecox (Avena pr.) Early Aira t ,, caespitosa Tufted Aira fKoeleria cristata Crested Koeleria fTriodia decumbens Decumbent Triodia (Sieglingia d. ) fMelica uniflora Wood Melick tl>actylis glomerata Clustered Cock ' s-foot fFestuca myurus (Vulpiam.) Rat' s-t ail Fescue ,, var. bromoides (Vulpia sciuroides) t ,, elation Meadow Fescue var. arundi- nacea var. loliacea var. pratensis t ,. ovina Sheep' s Fescue t .. var. duriuscula fBromus sterilis Barren Brome t ,. asper (B. ra- mosus) Hairy Brome t ,, arvensis Field Brome var. secalinus t ,, var. mollis var. racemosus ,, var. commutatus t ,. giganteus (Festuca g.) Tall Brome fPoa aquatica (Glyceria a.) Reed Poa ,, fluitans (Glyceria fl. ) Floating Poa var. pedicellata ,, plicata t ., rigida (Sclero- chloa r. ) Hard Poa pratensis trivialis nemoralis compressa annua tBriza media Meadow Poa Roughish Poa \ Vood Poa Flattened Poa Annual Poa Quaking-grass The Heath (Fl.H.). Gallows Hill, 1889. The Heath. Woods and hedges. Gravel-pits. NearGaUows Hill (Fl.H.). Not uncommon. Chadwell (Fl. H.). Not common. The Heath (Fl.H.). Common. Not indigenous ace. to Fl.H. Oc- casional. Mangrove Lane (Fl.H.). Occasional near Hertford (?). Near Hertford. The Lea. Ponds. Ditches at Ware (Fl.H.). By theStort (Fl.H.). Lines' Brickfield. Brickendon (Fl.H.). Not uncommon on chalk and old walls. Catabrosa aquatica Water Catabrose f Hordeum pratense Meadow Barley (H. secalinum) t ,, murinum Wall Barley fAgropyrum repens Couch Agropyrum (Triticum r. ) •j- ,, caninum Fibrous Agropyrum (Triticum c.) fBrachypodium silvaticum Slender False-Brome Lolium temulentum Darnel t ,, perenne Ryegrass fNardus stricta Matgrass Rare. Ditches near Ware. Moist meadows. Roadsides. Wheat is of the genus Triticum. It is of supposed Oriental origin. On chalk, near Gallows Hill (Fl.H.). Hedges. Not common. The Heath. Near Gallows Hill. FLORA. INDEX TO ORDERS. Aceraceae 39 Alismaceae 55 Amaryllideae 55 Amentaceae 53 Apocynaceae 48 Aquifoliaceae 39 Araliaceae 43 Aristolochiaceae 52 Aroideae 54 Boragineae 48 Callitrichineae 53 Campanulaceae 47 Caprifoliaceae 43 Caryophyllaceae 37 Celastraceae 39 Chenopodiaceae 51 Cistaceae 37 Compositae 44 Coniferae 54 Convolvulaceae 48 Cornaceae 43 Crassulaceae 41 Cruciferae 35 Cucurbitaceae 41 Cyperaceae 56 Dioscorideae 55 Dipsaceae 44 Ericaceae 47 Euphorbiaceae 52 Fumariaceae 35 Gentianaceae 48 Geraniaceae 38 Gramineae 57 Halorageae 42 Hydrocharideao 55 Hypericineae 38 Irideae 55 Juncaceae 56 Labiatae 50 Leguminosae 39 Lemnaceae 54 Lentibulaceae 48 Liliaceae 55 Linaceae 38 Loranthaceae 43 Lythrarieae 41 Malvaceae 38 Naiadeae 54 Nymphaeaceae 35 Oleaceae 48 Onagraceae 41 Orchidaceae 55 Orobanchaceae 49 Papaveraceae 35 Papilionaceae 39 Paronychiaceae 51 Plantagineae 51 Polemoniaceae 48 Polygalaceae 37 Polygonaceae 52 Portulaceae 38 Primulaceae 47 Ranunculaceae 34 Resedaceae 37 Rhamnaceae 39 Ribesiaceae 42 Rosaceae 40 Saxifragiaceae 42 Scrophularineae 49 Solanaceae 49 Stellatae 43 Tiliaceae 38 Typhaceae S4 Ulmaceae 53 Umbelliferae 42 Urticaceae 53 Valeriancae 44 Verbenaceae 51 Violaceae 37 Naw York Botanical Gar^